Technology Overview

Femtonics Chemistry designs and develops new caged neurotransmitters for frontier neuroscience research. The two main products are a glutamate derivative and a GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid) derivative. These dinitro-indoline-masked forms of glutamate and GABA release the bioactive forms of the two neurotransmitters more rapidly than other, commercially available versions of these compounds. They were developed to have high-quantum yield, requiring less irradiation for release, so their effective concentrations are lower than that of other caging scaffolds. DNI-Glu and iDMPO-DNI-GABA are compounds developed in-house, only available from Femtonics; in addition, iDMPO-DNI-GABA is the only commercially available caged GABA compound.

Features

• Name: 4-aminoalkyl-5,7-dinitroindolinyl-GABA trifluoroacetate
• Molecular formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₅O₁₀F₆
• MW: 623.50 Da
• Standard packaging size: 19 mg

Benefits

• • Rapidly and efficiently releases GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) neurotransmitter, by the effect of one (360 nm) or two photon (720 nm) irradiation
  • GABA is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system
  • Exists as trifluoroacetic acid salted form, ensuring good solubility, stability and low hygroscopicity of the product
  • Highly resistant to hydrolysis at neutral pH
  • High quantum yield

References

• Theoretical Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Neurobiological Applications of a Highly Efficient Two-Photon Caged GABA Validated on an Epileptic Case.
  Chiovini, B. et al. ACS Omega (2021)

 

• Disruption of centrifugal inhibition to olfactory bulb granule cells impairs olfactory discrimination.
  Nunez-Parra, A. et al. PLoS One (2013)

 

• Presynaptic miniature GABAergic currents in developing interneurons.
  Trigo, F. F. et al. Neuron (2010)

 

• Laser photolysis of DPNI-GABA, a tool for investigating the properties and distribution of GABA receptors and for silencing neurons in situ.
  Trigo, F. F. et al. J.Neurosci.Meths. (2009)

 

• GABA and GABA receptors in the central nervous system and other organs.
  Watanabe, M. et al. Int. Rev. Cytol. (2002)